Haarlem Courtyard and Monuments

(0) Grote Markt
The Grote Markt, formerly called't Sant, is the old city center of Haarlem. Many speak of the most beautiful square in the Netherlands. The appearance and character of this place are largely determined by the historical buildings. In the 13th and 14th centuries, the square was even larger in size, because there were no buildings on the south side. At that time there was a gallows on't Sant, games of knights were held and merchandise was sold.
On the Grote Markt, with your back to the Grote or St. Bavokerk, you will see the current city hall (1) of Haarlem in front of you. The hunting lodge for the Counts of Holland first stood on this site. Count Floris V used this hunting lodge as a residence when he came to Haarlem to collect taxes. His son Willem II chose The Hague as his permanent residence, after which he donated the remains of the castle to the city. The wooden building was largely destroyed by a city fire in the 14th century.
After the rebuilding, the complex was taken into use as a town hall. The current building with the famous Gravenzaal dates from that period, nowadays mainly used as a wedding hall. At the same time, the Vierspoel was built, recognizable by the four columns on the right-hand front of the building. The scaffold where justice was administered stood in front of this Vierschaft. In the past centuries there have been several renovations.
With your back to the town hall, you walk into the street on your left, this is the Barteljorisstraat.
At the end of the street you will see the Hofje van Oorschot on your left.
courtyards
There are originally three types of courtyards: ecclesiastical courtyards, foundation courtyards and guild courtyards. The first courtyards (for the beguines of the church) were already created in the 12th century. Later, the church councils established almshouses, because they felt a religious obligation to help the poor with some form of housing.
Wealthy families founded hofjes in the 17th and 18th centuries to allow their family name to continue in the name of the hofje. These almshouses were often managed by a foundation set up for that purpose. Courts were also founded by the guilds, a kind of professional associations. An example of this is the Brouwershofje, which was founded for the poor brewer's girls who, after years of hard work, needed a place to live.
Because practice taught that men could only manage their own household, the almshouses were especially intended for widows and poor, unmarried women over the age of 60. The gentlemen were housed in old men's houses, such as the building that now houses the Frans Hals museum. To this day, regents determine who is allowed to live in the courtyard.
(1) Hofje van Oorschot, Kruisstraat 44 Haarlem
At the end of the street you will see the Hofje van Oorschot on your left. This courtyard is unfortunately not open to the public on Saturdays, but is clearly visible through the large steel fence at the front of the courtyard.
The Hofje van Oorschot was built in 1769 from the estate of the Amsterdam merchant Wouterus van Oorschot (1704-1768). He left behind an amount of 20,000 guilders, which turned out to be insufficient to realize the almshouse. In the end, the States of Holland added 20,000 guilders and the courtyard could be built.
The construction of the courtyard was quite difficult. On the other side of the courtyard to be built, two wealthy city administrators lived who were involved in the construction. The administrators demanded that a beautiful garden be laid out that should be closed with a rococo-style fence. The choice fell on the rococo style because the houses of the administrators were also built in that style. Due to the demands of the administrators, the estate of Wouterus van Oorschot was insufficient to build the almshouse and it looked as if the almshouse would not be built, which was exactly the intention of the administrators. Despite the objections of the administrators, the city council approved the construction of the Hofje van Oorschot. The States of Holland contributed 20,000 guilders to have a courtyard built that would be \\'a jewel for the city\\\'. Construction started in 1769. The hofje van Oorschot was intended for poor women aged 50 and older who were members of the reformed congregation.
The courtyard is built around a courtyard garden, since 1973 there is a bronze statue of Eve (of Adam and Eve) in the garden of the courtyard. Eva was designed by sculptor Johan Limpers. The statue stood in the Kenaupark in Haarlem from 1947 to 1967, when Eva moved to the Frans Halsmuseum because of vandalism. In 1973, after restoration, the statue was given a place in the Hofje van Oorschot until the statue was stolen in 1987. The widow of Johan Limpers was still in possession of a model of Eva and a replica was made. The replica was placed back in the court.
The Hofje van Oorschot is open to the public from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. The court is closed on weekends.
After your visit to this courtyard, turn right from the gate and immediately turn right again into Krocht. You walk along the side of the houses of the Hofje van Oorschot and go straight ahead into the Ursulastraat. The Remonstrantse Hofje can be found behind the door of number 16. The Ursuline Monastery used to be on this site. This courtyard is not freely accessible.
You walk straight ahead, cross the Nassaulaan and cross the Magdalenastraat diagonally across the street. Take the first street on the left, the Witte Herenstraat. Just before the Lutheran church you will see the Luthers Hofje (2) on your right at number 16 A to I.
(2) Luthers Hofje, Witte Herenstraat 16 A, Haarlem
The Luthers Hofje was built around 1648 by the Lutheran community and has always been closely associated with the Lutheran church. Church and courtyard are built on the site of the former monastery of the Norbertines. These monks walked in white and were also called White Gentlemen, which explains the name of the street. The four houses against the church are the oldest. The five houses on the right were built later. At the regent's room at the back of the courtyard you will see an'outdoor pulpit\\\', the regents and pastor spoke to the residents from here. During the last restoration some houses were merged, now there are five houses. The Luthers Hofje is a Haarlem courtyard, the courtyard is located at the Witte Herenstraat 16, near the Lutheran church from 1581 (rebuilt in 1780).
The courtyard was founded in 1615 at the Lutheran Church. The Luthers hofje was founded by the Lutheran congregation and was closely associated with the Lutheran church. Church and courtyard are built on the grounds of the Sint Antonie orchard that belonged to the monastery of the Norbertines. These monks always wore white clothes and were therefore also called the White Lords, hence the name of the street. The courtyard initially consisted of four houses that were built against the church. In 1648 the court was expanded with five houses. Until 1894, the entrance to the courtyard was located at 16 Magdalenastraat.
The nine houses were restored in 1982, eight of the houses were merged into four larger houses, one house remained of its original size. The Luthers hofje now comprises five houses. What is special about this courtyard is that there is an outside pulpit, this chair is attached to the Regentenkamer. The pastor could address the residents from the pulpit. The hofje used to be intended for single women over the age of 50. Today, there are no longer any age or gender restrictions. The courtyard is open for viewing from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., the court is closed on Sundays. The courtyard has a beautiful garden and a striking water pump.
The Luthers Hofje was founded in 1615 as housing for elderly Lutheran women. As the name suggests, it was founded by the Lutheran congregation and was adjacent to the Lutheran clandestine church.
Both church and courtyard were built on the grounds of the Sint Antonie orchard from 1414, which belonged to the former monastery of the Norbertines. These monastics were known for their white robes and were therefore called the White Lords. The street name still refers to this. The courtyard originally consisted of four houses that adjoined the church building. In 1648 the courtyard was expanded with another five houses. Until 1894, the entrance to the courtyard was located at 16 Magdalenastraat.
The nine houses were restored in 1982, eight of the houses were merged into four larger houses, one house remained of its original size. The Luthershofje now comprises five houses. Unique in the Netherlands is the outdoor pulpit in the garden, which is attached to the Regentenkamer. The swan, a symbol of the Lutherans, is visible in the windows around the pulpit. The courtyard still has a beautiful garden with a striking water pump. Nowadays, the occupation of the courtyard is no longer subject to restrictions. However, the consistory of the Lutheran church still appoints the almshouse board.
Witte Herenstraat 14-20, near the Lutheran church from 1581 (rebuilt in 1780). The courtyard can be visited from Monday to Saturday from 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM. Sunday closed
You leave the courtyard, turn right and at number 24 you will come across the next courtyard, the Frans Loenenhofje.
(3) Frans Loenenhofje Witte Herenstraat 24, Haarlem
Frans Loenen was a merchant from Amsterdam, who lived the last part of his life in Haarlem. He left his money to the poor of Haarlem. In 1607 the construction of the courtyard with eleven houses was started. A few years later, five more houses were built. Adjacent to the church is the overseer's house, with the regent's chamber under extension. The regent's room is covered with gold leather wallpaper! The number of homes was reduced to ten after the restoration. To be eligible for a house, you must be at least 50 years old and born in Haarlem or have lived in Haarlem for at least 6 years. A few years ago, a meeting room was built in the garden.
The hofje was founded in 1607 from the estate of Frans Klaeszoon Loenen, who died on 24 October 1605, a yarn twister and merchant in linen (cloths made of flax or hemp). Loenen was an avid gambler and - in addition to his ordinary earnings - had won so much gambling that he was very wealthy.
For the foundation of the almshouse, a piece of land on the Witte Herenstraat was purchased that used to belong to the Norbertijnenklooster. This monastery was confiscated by the city of Haarlem in 1581. The monastics of the Norbertine monastery were always dressed in white, hence the'Witte Herenstraat\\\'. The courtyard was built in the former orchard of the monastery. This Sint Anthonie orchard dates from 1414 and was famous at that time. When the courtyard was built, the old orchard was left intact as much as possible and transformed into a courtyard garden. The garden has changed over the centuries, but Frans Loenen still has a striking garden with fruit trees.
In 1607 the Frans Loenenhofje consisted of eleven rooms for eleven poor single women. The almshouse was soon expanded with another five rooms (in 1609) by the provost Jacobus Zaffius. Since 1986, the hofje has consisted of ten houses, which are situated around the spacious garden, by merging houses. The courtyard is inhabited by older ladies, only the gatehouse is suitable for occupation by more people. The Frans Loenenhofje has a special gable stone, with a headless lion on it.
The courtyard has the status of a national monument and is registered under 19835 in the monument register
After leaving this courtyard, turn right. Next to number 30, a gate reminds of a third courtyard that used to be located in this street: the Coomanshofje (4)
(4) CoomansHofje, Witte Herenstraat 30, Haarlem
This former courtyard cannot be visited, please do not ring the bell. De Coomanshof is a former courtyard in Haarlem, the Netherlands, on Witte Herenstraat.
It was named the"mercerie\\\" or cramersneringhe after the local merchant's guild which existed from 1407. The small guild house dates from 1644. The almshouse that grew around it is typical of the type of work courtyards such as the Brouwershofje which grew out of the local Brewer\\\'s guild. The patron saint of the merchants was Saint Nicholas, also the patron saint of Amsterdam. When the guilds were dissolved under Napoleon in 1798, the hofje was rented out until 1854 when it was sold. When the local head of the archives Adriaan Justus Enschedé bought the property in 1871, he destroyed the eleven small courtyard houses, but kept the guild house as foolishness to his garden. His most important house was on Zijlstraat. Enschede also found the original gable stone and had it reinstalled in 1871 above the doorway in the Witte Herenstraat.
In 1950 Godfried Bomans started his Teisterbant club on the Grote Markt and he was able to rent this guild house and garden as a summer meeting place, where he earned the nickname'Het Paradijsje" (little paradise). 1951 the artist Anton Heyboer moved in and lived there with his wife Elsa and they were later joined by the sculptor Piet van Heerden and his wife.In the summer months Heyboer hung lanterns in the branches of the orchard in the garden and served fish from IJmuiden to de Teisterbant club members.As an artist he was inspired by the old tiles on the walls and floor of the small guildhall and the motif of the floor tiles can be seen in his etchings from this period.
In 1955 the garden with the small guild house was bought back from the owner by the municipality of Haarlem and it was restored in 1962. Today it serves as an artist's studio and can be reached through the gate of the children's playground called "Paradise\\\"
At the end, turn left into Zijlstraat. Cross the Gedempte Oude Gracht and walk straight ahead.
Take the second street on the right and walk under the gate into't Pand. You are now walking at the back of the town hall. Follow the bend to the right and you will arrive at the Prinsenhof.
(5) Prinsenhof, Haarlem
The Prinsenhof is actually the old herb garden of a former monastery, which now houses the City Hall. At the back of the garden you will see a peace temple built in 1648 on the occasion of the peace of Münster. There is also a statue of Laurens Jansz. Coster, according to the people of Haarlem the inventor of the printing press. The buildings around the Prinsenhof include the Municipal Gymnasium. The garden is called the'hortus\\\' by the gymnasiums. Despite the fact that the name might suggest otherwise, the Prinsenhof is not, strictly speaking, a courtyard. It has never been inhabited as such. The Prinsenhof was originally the monastery garden and after 1477 the monastery cemetery of the Dominicans or Predikheren.
The name Jacobijnestraat also recalls these monks, who were often called Jacobins after their monastery in the Rue St. Jacques in Paris. In 1721 the city herb garden was moved from the Kenaupark to the Prinsenhof, the official name then became hortus Medicus.
Image of Coster
In the middle of this garden, the former Collegium Medicum (Medical Society) erected a stone statue in honor of Laurens Janszoon Coster, made by the sculptor Gerrit van Heerstal. This statue was moved to the Grote Markt in 1801. On July 16, 1856, during the Laurens Janszoon Coster year, the statue of the inventor of the printing press was returned from the Grote Markt to the Hortus Medicus on the Prinsenhof. In that year, the (bronze) statue that still stands today was unveiled on the Grote Markt. Incidentally, it is highly debatable that Coster invented the art of printing, only Haarlem residents invoke this. It is generally believed that the German Gutenberg was earlier than Coster.
The Hof is now a municipal park where herbs can still be found. The urban gymnasium overlooks it. On the west side is a kind of classical style temple, also the original stone statue of'Lauwtje\\\' can still be found there.
Turn left into Jacobijnestraat and at the T-junction turn right into Koningstraat. At number 20 you can take a look in the hall of the Huis van Schagen.
(6) House of Schagen Koningsstraat 20, Haarlem
A very beautifully restored building, when the door is open you can take a look at the (enclosed) courtyard at the back. Since 2003, the restored complex on Koningstraat has houses on the upper floors and shops on the ground floor. The beautiful chapel is now also inhabited.
The history of'Huis van Schagen\\\' goes back to the middle of the 15th century. From 1584 to 1601 the house was inhabited by Johan van Beyeren van Schagen, from whom the house takes its name.
At the end of the 19th century, the house was bought by the St. Antonius parish and converted into a girls' school (Mariaschool) and a nunnery. The whole was given a new facade in Neo-Renaissance style. A neo-Gothic chapel was built at the rear for the sister. The walls of the chapel are decorated with multicolored stencil paintings by the architect L. Hezenmans.
Turn right into Stoofsteeg and cross the Gedempte Oude Gracht at the end. Then turn left. You will soon see the Botermarkt on your right. On the corner on the left you will find Van der Pigge.
(7) Van der Pigge Gierstraat 3
In 1849 an'affair in drying and spices\\\' was founded by Antonie van der Pigge. Until the last one closed in 2010, the company was run by family of the founder for six generations. In 1999, the drugstore was endowed by Queen Beatrix with the designation purveyor to the royal household.
Apparently little has changed at Van der Pigge during the company's existence. The interior of the shop has a strong nineteenth-century feel. It is upholstered with stoppered bottles, cones, stuffed crocodiles and gapers.
The drugstore is mentioned in Joop Visser's ode to Haarlem'Sometimes you end up in a situation like the company where the people of Haarlem can go for a simple solution to their problems (ants, nasty neighbors, insomnia).\\\'
In the 1920s and 1930s, quite a few old facades had to make way for the large department store of Vroom & Dreesmann, where drugstore AJ van der Pigge was spared. Thanks to the intransigence of Ton van Os, the then owner of the drugstore, V&D was forced to build around'van der Pigge\\\'.
Apprentice and Master
In 1849 the young Antonie Van der Pigge was apprenticed to pharmacist Martin Beets (the father of the writer Nicolaas Beets, ed.), who is also a member of the said Provincial Committee. In 1844, Antonie passed the exam that gave him the authorization to practice the profession of druggist. In addition to the diploma from the committee, he also received a certificate from Beets stating that he worked for three years to his full satisfaction in his pharmacy.
THE GAPER
What about that gaper above Van der Pigge's door? On August 22, 1942, during the Second World War, an article about the gaper was published in De Telegraaf. There appears to be no unambiguous explanation for the gaper and it is also not entirely known where this symbolic signage comes from. It has been suggested that the gapers may have been intended to make passers-by laugh, that he was the symbol of a"chalk jester\\\" who invited us to come in for a drink of liqueur, or even that the clever minds were meant to charm passing ladies...!
JAW Van Os, one of the former owners of Van der Pigge, assumed that the gaper must represent the servant of the market quack or surgeon. This \\"mooriaen\\\" turned to the crowd to direct the attention of his boss the surgeon while the latter was practicing his"medicine\\\" in the marketplace. It was also possibly used to attract the attention of market visitors with his then"foreign\\\" appearance. The yawning is said to be related to the"put your tongue out\\\" the doctor asks his patients. Or is he overpowered by drowsiness after a little too many herbal bitters?
Keep to the right side of the square and at number 9, well hidden, you will find a corridor to the Bruiningshofje.
(8) Butter Market 9 Bruiningshofje
Most almshouses were founded by wealthy persons who had no children. The founder of the Bruiningshofje, Jan Bruininck Gerritsz, had seven! During his life, Bruininck bought houses around his own home. The almshouse arose around 1610 from these possessions. The Bruiningshofje does not have a regent's room, this is probably because the courtyard was a'family affair\\\' and people simply met at home. Members of the Mennonite congregation are currently regents. The courtyard is small, there are only four houses.
You leave the courtyard and cross the Botermarkt diagonally to the right and enter the Tuchthuisstraat. At number 8 you will find the Brouwershofje.
(9) Tuchthuisstraat 8, Brouwershofje
The hofje was founded in 1457 by Jacob Huyge Roeperszoon and his sister Katrijntje Huyge Roepersdatter, a brewer's family associated with the Brewers' Guild. They left their possessions to the Haarlem Brewers Guild.
The original name was Sint Maartenshofje, after the patron saint of the Brewers' Guild. The hofje was handed over by the Roeper family to the regents of the brewers' guild. The courtyard contained 22 houses for impoverished unmarried women who had worked as'maidservants\\\' for breweries
During this time about 100 breweries were located in Haarlem. The poor brewer's girls, who could no longer work in the breweries, were housed in this courtyard. In 1576 there was a major city fire in Haarlem that destroyed 449 houses, including the Brouwershofje. In 1586 the courtyard was rebuilt on the same spot, but only eight houses were rebuilt. In 1811 the hofje came into the hands of the city of Haarlem, which handed it over to the Sint Bavo housing association at the end of the eighties of the 20th century. This was against the wishes of the founders, who more than 500 years earlier stipulated in the deed that the courtyard could never be sold. During the last restoration - in the 20th century - the eight houses were merged into four. In 1930 eight windows were placed in the previously blank walls on the Tuchthuisstraat side. Nowadays the minimum age for residents is 55 years, now both women, men and couples are allowed to live there. The houses in the courtyard are still rented out as social housing, nowadays by housing corporation Ymere
You leave the courtyard, turn right and then take the first street on the left. You are now in the Breestraat. Take the first street on the right. This is the Gierstraat. Here you will find the special Okhuysen Wine Shop. Below the shop is an old wine cellar. In the Gierstraat, immediately take the first street on the right again, the Korte Gierstraat. Turn left into Lange Annastraat where you will see Hofje van Guurtje de Waal at number 40.
(10) Lange Annastraat 40, Hofje van Guurtje de Waal
The hofje was founded in 1616 by Guertie Jansdr. de Wael, daughter of a wealthy textile merchant.
During her life she already determined that part of her money should be used to build a courtyard for widows, virgins or married women with or without children. During her life this changed into'widows or spinsters who were members of the Reformed (now Reformed) congregation\\\'. The house to the left of the gate is the home of the overseer.
Guertie ran the almshouse himself for the first twelve years. Her great-nephew Jan de Wael, the mayor of Haarlem, was regent there and in 1661 had the court enlarged from six to eight rooms. He also had an entrance gate built with the coat of arms of the De Wael family above the gate. The house in the gate was the home of the overseer.
The courtyard was largely renovated in 1783. In 1888 Christina Munneman, Hendrik Jut's widow, requested permission to live in the courtyard. When she was recognized, she was refused and she had to flee the city.
In the eighties of the 20th century, the eight small houses were merged into four houses. The courtyard is owned by housing association Ymere from Amsterdam.
Hendrik Jacobus Jut (The Hague, July 19, 1851 - Leeuwarden, June 12, 1878) was a waiter from The Hague, whose head (the head of jut) became proverbial due to a double murder he committed on December 13, 1872.
the murder
Jut was born in The Hague as an illegitimate child of Maria Geertruida Jut. After being discharged from military service because of"physical defects\\\" he started working as a waiter in Scheveningen around 1870. There he got into a relationship with Christina Goedvolk (Delft, March 14, 1847 - Haarlem, June 26, 1926), who, as an unmarried mother in Delft, had already had two children who died early. In 1872 she worked briefly as a maid for the wealthy widow Maximiliana Theodora van der Kouwen-ten Cate, who in 1862 had inherited one sixth of the estate of her sister Geertruida Löschen-Ten Cate (previously widow of the very wealthy shipowner Jan Bonn). worth NLG 39,771.20. This now represents approximately €356,900.
Christina became pregnant with Jut in 1872 and the couple ran into money problems because he had lost his job. They remembered the rich widow, who used to openly show all kinds of people, including her maidservant, her jewelry and other possessions. They decided to rob her. Jut borrowed from his mother - ten guilders - to buy two pistols and a dagger. It was supposed to happen on Sinterklaas evening, but because the new maid Leentje Beeloo got suspicious, it was canceled. On December 13, 1872 he again went with Christina to Van der Kouwen's house on the Bogt van Guinea in The Hague. While Christina was distracting the widow upstairs, he first stabbed Leentje Beeloo to death. Then he called the old lady downstairs with the words"Madam, Leentje has fallen from herself\\\" and killed her too, after she had first managed to injure him. They made off with valuables, securities and money.
The Hague was in turmoil for days. A suspect was arrested and popular anger turned on him. He tried to hang himself in his cell. After that, two more people were arrested, but at the end of 1873 the police had to release all three of them.
Flight
Jut and Goedvolk were married on February 19, 1873. They left for New York, sold the jewelry for $320 and cashed in the securities for more than ten thousand dollars. They returned after two months. On April 17, 1873, the couple registered in the population register of Vught, where their daughter Angelica Arabella Cassandra Christina was born on July 2, 1873. But the couple did not rest. In February 1874 the Juts left for South Africa and in the autumn of that year they returned to the Netherlands again.[4] They settled in Rotterdam, where Hendrik bought a coffee house. On April 7, 1875, they had a second daughter, Atalanta Agnese Florenza, who lived one day.
In that same month, Jut talked to a certain Jan Roelfs, who had wondered why he was so rich. Soon he and his wife were arrested. During a search of the house, as indisputable evidence, a letter was found that the murdered widow had kept from her late husband. The media attention was enormous and Jut was presented in the newspapers as the greatest, most unscrupulous murderer in history. Portraits of the"monstrous perpetrators\\\" could be admired in all shop windows in The Hague and various brochures about the case were available in bookshops. The case attracted so much attention not only because of the horror of the murder, but also because of the feeling of insecurity: it had taken 2½ years before the perpetrators were found.
Conviction
The verdict in the murder trial was made on May 6, 1876. Jut was assisted by lawyer Pieter Cort van der Linden, who later became chairman of the Council of Ministers. He was given life for double murder. Many people thought that was not enough. They wanted the death penalty for Jut, but it was abolished in 1870. Fearing a lynching, he was transferred to the prison in Leeuwarden, where he died two years later at the age of 26.
Christina was sentenced to twelve years in prison for theft. She was released in 1888, but was sentenced again in 1890 to two years in prison for stealing two umbrellas and two bars of soap. She settled in Haarlem in 1892 and remarried on March 4, 1896 to a German, the blacksmith Albert Heinrich Johann Münnemann. By Royal Decree of June 14, 1898 - she was 25 years old and already married to a certain Sonneville - her daughter was also given the surname Münnemann, instead of the infamous name Jut.
After Münnemann died in 1907, it was not easy for Christina. In some newspapers of July 14, 1908, the incorrect report appeared that she had been found murdered in a folk lodge in Oudewater. When she, as a 70-year-old \\"widow Munnema\\\" wanted to be considered for a Haarlem almshouse, she was refused it on the grounds of her debauched life, her relationship with a 27-year-old gardener's servant and alcohol abuse. On September 17, 1920 she obtained accommodation in the city poorhouse in Haarlem. She died in 1926 at the age of 79.
Cup of Jut
A fairground operator took advantage of the popular anger by calling an attraction that people could use to vent their anger on with sledgehammer blows. This gave rise to the expression:"being the head of Jut\\\", having to pay for it, be the scapegoat.

Plaster cast of Hendrik Jut's head in the University Museum (Groningen).
The real head of Jut was put on strong water after his death and has been on display for many years in the anatomical museum (the"Kabinet van Camper\\\") of the University of Groningen. The bottle in which his head was kept was not closed properly, so the alcohol evaporated and the head was lost. All that remains today is a plaster cast of the head. This"disappeared\\\" in December 2009 from the University Museum, which quickly admitted that this was a publicity stunt for the De Kop van Jut Carnivale cultural festival in The Hague's Huijgenspark.
Crime scene
The street where the murder had taken place, the Bogt van Guinea, was renamed Huijgenspark after this affair at the request of the residents in 1873. It was not until February 13, 1996 that the Mayor and Aldermen of The Hague decided to restore the old name. The"new\\\" Bight of Guinea[3] is located between the Huijgenspark, the Zieken and the Groenewegje.
When you leave the courtyard, turn right, you arrive at the Nieuwe Kerksplein and open the door at the red number 11. Walk through the corridor and you arrive at the Proveniershof (10).
(11) Nieuwekerksplein 11, Proveniershof
The Proveniershof was not, like the other courtyards, intended for the poor. The special thing about this court is that the people who came to live there paid money. Hence the name Proveniershof. A provenier was someone who bought into a house. In total there are 67 homes, 38 of which are located around the garden. The other houses are located on the adjacent streets. Married couples are also allowed to live in this court. The name Proveniershof owes its name to the fact that a Proveniershuis could be found here until 1866. Apartments have now been built in the former Proveniershuis.
From monastery to Heerenlogement
In the fifteenth century, the Catholic women's monastery Sint Michiel stood on the site of the Proveniershofje. In 1578 - at the time of the Reformation - the nuns were expelled by the Protestants. Three years later, the monastery and the surrounding grounds were awarded to the city of Haarlem by the Prince of Orange as compensation for the damage the city had suffered during the Siege of Haarlem. The site was taken into use by the St. Joris militias, who used the cloister as a practice field; such a practice field was called'De Doelen\\\' in those days. The city of Haarlem thus had two'Doelen\\\': the Cloveniersdoelen and the Sint Jorisdoelen. In 1592 the monastery building was replaced by a new'Doelengebouw\\\' designed by city architect Lieven de Key; this building still stands and is now the gatehouse of the courtyard. In 1681 the city of Haarlem decided that one Doelen for the militia was sufficient. The Sint Jorisdoelen was converted in 1682 into'Heerenlogement\\\', an inn for men. Most of the houses of the current Proveniershof also date from the 17th century. These houses, built behind the former gentlemen's lodge, had nothing to do with the inn, they were owned by the city of Haarlem and were rented out to private individuals.
Proveniershuis
The gentlemen's lodge was not a success, so it was decided to convert the inn into a Proveniershuis. This Proveniershuis was inaugurated in 1707.'Provenier\\\' is an old Dutch name for'someone who lives on preuves\\\' where preuve means gift. A stay in the Proveniershuis was not free, however; the residents had to buy in. Once they had bought in, they could continue to live there until their death and they were provided with the most necessary necessities (food and lodging). A few times a year they received \\'preuves\\\' from the board, the residents then received more luxurious goods. The Proveniershuis was very popular in the beginning, there was even a waiting list. Due to its popularity, additional homes were purchased in the Doelstraat. Towards the end of the 18th century the popularity declined, the regents turned their attention to lodgers who could rent a house for 340 guilders a year, including costs.
A notable resident of the gentlemen's lodge was the giant Daniel Cajanus, who came from Finland and lived in the Proveniershuis from 1745 until his death in 1749. According to tradition, he was 2.60 meters tall. An anecdote tells that Cajanus could light his pipe from a street lamp. After his death in 1749 Cajanus was buried in the Grote Kerk in Haarlem.
Old Man's House
In 1810, several buildings in Haarlem were confiscated by the French occupiers to house the army. One of those buildings was the current Frans Hals Museum, which before that time served as an old men's home. The residents of the old men's house were moved to the Proveniershuis. From 1810 to 1866, the Proveniershuis remained in use as an old men's home. The houses at the back remained normal rental properties.
Proveniershof
From 1866, the Proveniershof is located in the same place and in the same buildings, which was then also given the name'hof\\\'. In 1882 it was expanded with a number of houses that previously belonged to the adjacent Hofje van Oud Alkemade, also known as the Hofje van de Twaalf Apostelen. That courtyard was located on Barrevoetesteeg, which was widened in that year to become Barrevoetstraat. A number of houses had to be demolished, the remaining land and houses of the hofje van Oud Alkemade were added to the grounds of the Proveniershof.
In the 20th century apartments were realized in the main building; the houses behind have also been restored. The Proveniershof is a large court with fairly large and different houses. The fact that the houses are larger than the average courtyard house is because the houses were not built out of charity but as ordinary rental properties. If'ordinary courtyards\\\' houses only have one or two rooms, in the Proveniershof there are houses with two to six rooms. The court has traditionally been inhabited by mixed people (men and women) and because the houses are large, there are also married couples - unlike in most courtyards. Many artists live in the Proveniershof, including the well-known Haarlem composer/pianist JanWillem Lagerwaard. The court is owned by the Ymere housing association, which rents out the homes. A lunchroom has been established in part of the former Proveniershuis since the 1990s.
You go through the court and go under the big gate. You will arrive in the main shopping street of Haarlem, the Grote Houtstraat. Turn right and take the second street on the right, Korte Houtstraat. This is one of the greenest streets in Haarlem. You walk straight ahead along the Nieuwe Kerk (1613, Lieven de Key), past the church on the right and then straight on into the Lange Raamstraat. You arrive at the place to which this district owes its name: a kind of square where 5 streets come together, this district is therefore called'Vijfhoek\\\'. Take the second street on the left into the Drapenierstraat and immediately right into the Vlamingstraat. At the end of this street you will come across the Hofje van Loo (11).
(12) Vlamingstraat, Hofje van Loo
In 1489, 13'rooms with heirs\\\' were transferred to the lords of the Elisabeth\\\'s Gasthuis. It was determined that only poor people or priests were allowed to live here. The courtyard was first built on four sides, but because the Barrevoetesteeg (now street) had to be widened, one row of houses has been demolished so that you can now see this courtyard through a fence. The house diagonally opposite the entrance, on the right, is the regent's room.
The room was never used because the regents had their own quarters in Elisabeth\\\'s Gasthuis. The Hofje van Loo, also known as Sint Elisabeth\\\'s Gasthuishofje, is perhaps the most visible courtyard in Haarlem. While most courtyards have an enclosed courtyard, this courtyard is only separated from the street by a fence. The Hofje van Loo or Sint Elisabeth\\\'s Gasthuishofje was founded in 1489 by Sijmon Pieterszoon van Loo and his wife Godelt Willemsdatter. After it was founded, it came directly under the management of Sint Elisabeth\\\'s Gasthuis. This is how the courtyard got its long name.
The courtyard had thirteen houses and when it was founded it was actually intended for thirteen priests or poor people. But as far as we know, only women have lived in the courtyard. The number of thirteen houses was not chosen by chance, it symbolizes Christ and the twelve Apostles. This symbolism was used more often, for example in the De Twaalf Apostelen almshouse in Haarlem, which was demolished in 1972. Every house there was named after an apostle and one house was called Jesus and Mary.
After its establishment, Hofje van Loo did not have the open character it has today. At the time, the courtyard, like most courtyards, had an enclosed courtyard. It was walled and had an entrance gate surmounted by the coat of arms of the Sint Elisabeth\\\'s Gasthuis. In 1885, however, the narrow Barrevoetesteeg had to be widened. After years of meetings about the possible demolition of the entire courtyard, the municipality had decided to demolish only the three houses on the street side. These were replaced by the current fence. The three houses have been built next to it. Unlike the other houses, these three houses are not plastered and painted white.
weapon
The coat of arms of the Sint Elisabeth\\\'s Gasthuis from the old entrance gate has not been lost. It was built into the facade of one of the new houses. The weapon is also on the water pump. During the last renovation in 1987, the courtyard was modernized, so that there are now twelve homes
With your back to the courtyard, turn left, back to the Botermarkt. Walk past V&D to the traffic lights at Grote Houtstraat. Cross the road and turn right onto the Gedempte Oude Gracht. Take the second street on the left, Schagchelstraat. Cross the Anegang and enter the Warmoesstraat. The courtyard In den Groenen Tuyn is located on the right at number 23 (open between 10:00 and 12:00 after ringing the bell).
(13) Warmoesstraat 23, Hofje in den Groenen Tuyn
The courtyard dating from 1616 owes its name to the house Den Groenen Thuijn, on the long Veerstraat. The property was purchased by the executors in wills from the estate of Catarina Jansdatter Amen, widow of Jacob Claeszoon van Schoorl, in order to build an almshouse there.
The almshouse was intended for Roman Catholic older ladies from the age of 50. These residents had to be able to provide for themselves and after their death all their possessions lapsed at the courtyard. Those regulations are no longer in force, but they can still be found in the courtyard as a curiosity.
The courtyard was rebuilt in 1885, the number of homes was then reduced from 20 to 18. A new stately entrance was also built at the warmoestraat, on the site of an old Gothic building. The courtyard was last restored in 1987. In the current courtyard there is room for four residents in the main building (formerly six) and another 14 in the houses around the courtyard.
The main entrance is at 23 warmoesstraat. The back entrance is at 24 Lange Veerstraat and is only accessible to residents and managers. The back entrance does have a gable stone that is worth a look. The courtyard is only accessible to the public on weekdays between 10 a.m. and 12 noon. The courtyard is always closed on weekends
At the end of the Warmoesstraat, turn right onto the Oude Groenmarkt. Walk straight on through the Damstraat. De Waag is located at the end on the corner near the Spaarne.
(14) Damstraat 29, De Waag
De Waag was built around 1598 under the direction of city architect Lieven de Key, after the design of the painters Cornelis Cornelisz and Willem Thybaut. Until 1915 it served as a weigh house, a location where goods were weighed. Taxes were levied by the city council depending on the type and weight of the goods brought in. The Renaissance-style building has two almost identical facades of Namur stone, limestone quarried in the Belgian province of Namur. The building is characterized by the round arch and cross windows. The government function of this building was indicated by the coat of arms of Holland on the Damstraat side and the coat of arms of Haarlem on the Spaarne side.
The facade is made of bluestone, so natural stone, which is rather unusual given the expensive supply. The stones were purchased from a supplier from Namur.
The location on the Spaarne was favorable in view of the supply of the goods to be weighed. The building stands on an irregular plot of land, but the building offers a harmonious appearance because the two facades (front and side) are identical.
The Haarlem weigh house fulfilled its original function until 1915. Municipal fire hoses were then stored. Since 1821, the artists' association KZOD'Art is our goal\\\' has been located on the top floor. In the 1960s, the building housed the troubadours and folk club of Cobi Schreijer. Greats such as Pete Seeger, Joan Baez and Simon and Garfunkel performed as well as Boudewijn de Groot and Elly and Rikkert. Today the building houses a bar/café.
(15) Right Gravensteenbrug
You will see the white'Gravesteenbrug\\\' in front of you on the right (oblique). If you look past this drawbridge to the other side of the water, you will see two monumental buildings with authentic stepped gables, built around 1630. In the buildings behind them, the beer brewery'De Olyphant\\\' had been located since about 1550. For centuries, Haarlem was one of the largest beer brewing cities in the Netherlands. The Haarlems Jopenbier is famous, which has been brewed again since 1994 according to an old recipe found in the city archives. In the side wall of the building De Olyphant, on the Wijdesteeg, a brick with the image of an elephant has been bricked in.
Continue your walk by turning left along the Spaarne.
(16) Spaarne 16, Teylers Museum
On Spaarne 16 you will see Teylers Museum. This oldest museum in the Netherlands, built in 1784, owes its entirety of buildings and collections to the legacy of merchant and banker Pieter Teyler van der Hulst. As a man of the Enlightenment, he left his money to promote art and science. Before his former home became a museum, it was a place where scientists came for research. In atmospheric historical display cases, lit exclusively by daylight, you will see objects such as minerals, fossils, paintings, physical instruments, coins and tokens.
Continue along the Spaarne. From here you turn left onto the Bakenessergracht and walk (with the water on your right) along the canal until you come across a side street on the left (the Nauwe Appelaarsteeg). From here you have a nice view on the right of the Bakenesserkerk.
(17) On the corner Bakenessergracht / Nauwe Appelaarsteeg view of Bakenesserkerk
The tower, which was restored in 1972, is very similar to the current tower of the Grote or St. Bavokerk, which you see behind you. During the construction of this tower, the material turned out to be too heavy, so that it started to crack in the church and a pillar pulled skewed. The tower was demolished on the advice of a Flemish expert and replaced by the new, lighter tower made of wood covered with lead. The fragments of the natural stone tower were used to raise the graveyard at the Grote or St. Bavokerk. A tower of the larger pieces was built around 1550 on the old Bakenesserkerk.
Turn left into Nauwe Appelaarsteeg and first right into Wijde Appelaarsteeg. On your right at number 11 you will find the Hofje van Bakenes (13).
(18) Wijde Appelaarsteeg 11 Hofje van Bakenes (HM13)
This is the oldest surviving courtyard in the Netherlands, founded in 1395. The official name of this courtyard is'De Bakenesserkamer\\\', which refers to the rooms in the courtyard.
Before entering the courtyard, notice the spell above the gate.'Dirck van Bakenes for women's eight and two mael ses\\\'. This indicates the number of women 8 + (2x6), so 20 in total, who lived here and their minimum age (8+2) x 6, so 60 years. After closing the gate you walk through a narrow access path to the actual courtyard. The houses as they look today date from the 17th century. Striking is the water pump covered with a wooden canopy in the garden of the courtyard.
At the end of Wijde Appelaarstraat you come to Lange Begijnestraat. First walk to the right to make a round at the Begijnhof and walk back through the Lange Begijnestraat past the Toneelschuur and the Philharmonie and see the Grote or St. Bavokerk slowly looming in front of you. At the Klokhuisplein, turn right and walk across the Riviervismarkt towards the statue of Laurens Janszoon Coster on the Grote Markt.
In old medieval towns, streets are often named after the trade that took place. In this case, the shops there have a history of selling the river vis (River Visch). An attentive observer can still find many details in the houses. A typical example is the building that now houses the café'De Uiver\\\'. Many fish ornaments can still be recognized.
The people of Haarlem cite Laurens Janszoon Coster as the inventor of the printing press.
On the right at the corner Grote Markt / Smedestraat is the Hoofdwacht. Traces in the masonry in the side wall of the building indicate that this is one of Haarlem's oldest buildings. The Main Guard was built. in the 13th century. The location served as town hall until about 1350. The current name of the building is due to the militia that set up the building as Hoofdwacht after 1755. Opposite the Hoofdwacht, at the top of the Grote or St. Bavokerk, you will see a small guardhouse at the bottom of the tower. City guards kept watch in this low attic. It is suspected that the Hoofdwacht had a link with this guardhouse as a point of security. When the red flag was waved from the guardhouse during a fire in the city, city guards in the Hoofdwacht sprang into action. The guardhouse on the Grote of St. Bavokerk was still in use until 1914.
The Grote or St. Bavokerk (15) is Haarlem's largest church. The Grote or St. Bavokerk was built here in 1479 on the site of a smaller church that had largely burned down in the 14th century. What makes this church special is that it was built without piles in the ground. Haarlem was founded on a beach wall, so that the bottom consists of sand and no piles are needed for the construction of the church.
Statues used to adorn the church, but much of this splendor was lost during the Iconoclasm (1566), after which the church came into the possession of the reformed congregation. The Grote or St. Bavokerk is also called'John with the high shoulders\\\', because the tower is on the small side in relation to the rest of the building. The tombstones of Frans Hals and Pieter Teyler can be seen in the church. You will also see the famous Christian Müller organ in the church. Mozart played this largest organ in the world as a 10-year-old boy. He was in Haarlem with his father, a famous violin teacher, who came to receive his own violin method in book form from the Johan Enschedé printing house. At that time, Johan Enschedé printing house was the only printer that could print musical notation.
If you continue walking past the church, you will see the Vleeshal on your left, Grote Markt 18, recognizable by the stepped gable with striking ornaments. Because the city's population increased and with it the demand for meat, the city needed a meat hall. In the 17th century, the city council commissioned city architect Lieven de Key to design a richly decorated building and to use the most beautiful materials. He used natural stone for this building that had to come from abroad and brightened up the whole with sheep and ox heads. These ornaments refer to the original function of the building. The Vleeshal was mainly used for the trading of meat.