200 years of the Kingdom in Haarlem

In the early years of the new kingdom, various people, institutions and developments left their mark on the further formation of the country and our identity. This 200 years of Kingdom route through Haarlem passes a number of places in the city where these traces are still present. Sometimes very visible, sometimes more hidden. What the places have in common is that they are all in one way or another connected to the formation of the Dutch State. The route through Haarlem focuses mainly on the first hundred years of the kingdom, but a side trip is also made to more recent times. The route passes the country houses of people who played a crucial role in the creation of national institutions, such as the Dutch Bank or the country's first water pipeline. A number of places are related to the involvement of King William I in the modernization of our country, for example the first railways and the industrial exhibitions. Important historical moments from 200 years of the Kingdom are also discussed: the battle between the Orangists and the Patriots, the role of Radio Orange in the turbulent war years, and the defense of the country through positions and water lines. The bond between the province and the House of Orange is also discussed: for example, King William I's mother, Princess Wilhelmina of Prussia, liked to use the current provincial house as a summer country retreat. This route was developed in honor of the 200th anniversary of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 2014. For more information about the 200 Years of Kingdom campaign, visit www.oneindignoordholland.nl/nl-NL/campaign/200jaar/over Cycle along the most controversial stories and historical moments from the past 200 years with the present: 1. Pavilion Welgelegen The impressive Pavilion Welgelegen has a special history. Now the provincial government is located there. But before it was given the function of provincial government, it was a palace and museum. King William I's mother, Princess Wilhelmina of Prussia, lived here. Many times the king visited his mother here. More information: www.oneindignoordholland.nl/nl-NL/verhaal/9465/paviljoen-welgelegen-zetel-van-kunst-koninklijke-macht-en-provinciaal-administratie 2. Old church of Heemstede In 1840 Nicolaas Beets (1814- 1903) pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church in Heemstede. He had 'Nicolaas Beets, shepherd' painted on the nameplate of the parsonage. The minister was regularly invited to preach at the Court and was considered an old friend by Queen Wilhelmina. More information: www.oneindignoordholland.nl/nl-NL/verhaal/9423/de-oude-kerk-van-heemstede-dominee-nicolaas-beets-predikant-van-de-oranjes 3. Woestduin estate Jacob lived between 1832 and 1845 van Lennep (1802-1868) on the country estate Woestduin. Van Lennep is best known as a writer, but as a politician and lawyer he has also made his mark in the social field. He was at the basis of the founding of the Amsterdam Water Supply Company, the first water supply system in the Netherlands. More information: www.oneindignoordholland.nl/nl-NL/verhaal/9428/landgoed-woestduin-gevierd-schrijven-zorgt-voor-eerste-waterleiding-in-nederland 4. Buitenplaats Elswout With the establishment of the Nederlandsche Bank, Willem I wanted restart lending to companies after the French occupation. It was thanks to the wealthy widow Johanna Borski that the bank did not collapse after two years. Through a clever construction, the widow would be richly rewarded for this. More information: www.oneindignoordholland.nl/nl-NL/verhaal/9427/landgoed-elswout-steenrijke-weduwe-redde-de-nederlandse-bank 5. Ripperda Barracks In the course of the 19th century, a system of scaffolding and water lines that were supposed to make the Kingdom impregnable. The Defense Line of Amsterdam, to which the Ripperda Barracks belonged, served as the very last refuge behind which the government and the army could entrench themselves. More information: www.oneindignoordholland.nl/nl-NL/story/9467/ripperda-kazerne-de- Defense-van-het-koninkrijk 6. Haarlem Station The opening of the first railway line from Amsterdam to Haarlem on Friday, September 20, 1839 was not self-evident: spoiled milk, breathing problems for passengers and windmills that no longer wanted to turn because the station building was too high. These were some of the arguments that opponents of the railway put forward. It was all to no avail. Due to the energetic approach of King William I, a railway line was opened between Haarlem and Amsterdam. More information: www.oneindignoordholland.nl/nl-NL/story/9473/station-haarlem-de-eerste-spoorlijn-van-nederland 7. Kenaupark One of the best-known resistance heroes who remained in their own country is Hannie Schaft, better known like the'girl with the red hair\\\'. A monument is dedicated to Schaft in the Kenau Park. It was here that she and Jan Bonekamp committed an attack on the Zaan police officer Ragut on June 21, 1944. More information: www.oneindignoordholland.nl/nl-NL/story/9426/kenaupark-monument-voor-vrouwelijk-symbool-van-verzet 8. Grote Markt At the end of the 18th century, on the eve of the emergence of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the opponents of the Orange stadtholder, the patriots, triumphed on this square. Their heyday would only last a short time, despite the fact that they could count on the support of the powerful French Army. More information: www.oneindignoordholland.nl/nl-NL/verhaal/9425/grote-markt-oranjegezinden-en-patriotten-op-het-mooiste-plein-van-het-koninkrijk 9. Grote or St. Bavokerk The city of Haarlem was particularly grateful to King William I for his efforts in the National Industry Exhibition in 1825. An exhibition that was important for the development of Dutch industry. A marble portrait of the king was part of the exhibition and was later placed in one of the chapels of the Sint Bavo Church. More information: www.oneindignoordholland.nl/nl-NL/story/9472/sint-bavokerk-borstbeeld-van-de-koning-koopman-die-het-land-moderneerde 10. Former Printing Company Johan Enschede, Hotel-Restaurant Stempels Printing Company John Enschede is one of the oldest family businesses in our country. In 1703 the Haarlem family started printing books. Later the Haarlemsche Oprechte Courant from the presses and bonds of the city of Haarlem rolled here. More information: www.oneindignoordholland.nl/nl-NL/story/9424/joh-enschede-huisdrukker-van-de-staat